ABSTRACT
To determine the effects of levofloxacin on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Comparative experimental study. The animal house of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, and the pathology department of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from July 2009 to January 2010. The effects of levofloxacin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity were evaluated in rabbits. Twenty four rabbits were used in this study which were randomly divided into four groups [n= 6 in each group]. Six animals were injected for 15 days with saline [NaCl; 0.9%], six with gentamicin alone at doses of 20 mg/kg of body weight/12 h [intramuscularly], six with combination of gentamicin [20 mg/kg/12 h] with low therapeutic doses of levofloxacin [30 mg/kg/24 h] and the last six were treated with gentamicin and high therapeutic doses of levofloxacin [50 mg/kg/24 h]. Levofloxacin was given by intraperitoneal route. Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated by histopathological and serum analysis. The extent of nephrotoxicity was significantly increased when gentamicin was given in combination with levofloxacin both in low and high doses. Levofloxacin enhances gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity and extent of this nephrotoxicity increased with increasing dose of levofloxacin
Subject(s)
Animals , Gentamicins , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Rabbits , Kidney/drug effectsABSTRACT
To compare the hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle and glimepiride -a sulphonylurea in a type 2 diabetes mellitus induced male mice model. Randomized control trial. This study was carried out in the animal house of National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad from 7th November 2013 till 21st January 2014. Fifty albino Balb/C male mice were divided randomly into groups I-V [n=10]. Group I served as normal control group. In rest of the forty mice from group II-V, type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by administration of high fat diet [HFD] for two weeks followed by low dose [40 mg/kg] intra-peritoneal streptozotocin [STZ] injections for four consecutive days. Group II served as the disease control group, group III received the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle in dose of 50 mg/kg body wt. while group IV received the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle in dose of 100 mg/kg body wt. Group V was administered glimepiride in a dose of 2mg/kg body wt. herb extract and the drug was given orally once a day. Samples were taken at the end of five weeks for blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAlc%].The blood samples estimated for fasting blood glucose [FBG] and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAlc%] levels showed that the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle in a high dose [100 mg/kg body wt.] showed the maximum lowering of FBG and HbAlc% levels followed by its low dose [50 mg/kg body wt.] Glimepiride also lowered the FBG and HbAlc% to normal limits but its extent was less than the aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle. The aqueous extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royle lowers the FBG and HbAlc levels in a type 2 diabetes induced male mice in a dose dependent manner
ABSTRACT
The effect of ciprofloxacin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated in rabbits. Animals were injected for 15 days with saline [NaCI; 0.9%], gentamicin alone at doses of 20 mg/kg of body weight/12 h [intramuscularly] and the combination of gentamicin [20 mg/kg/12 h] with low and high therapeutic doses of ciprofloxacin [20 mg/kg/12 h and 40 mg/kg12h respectively] by intraperitoneal route. Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated by histopathological and serum analysis. The extent of these changes were significantly increased when gentamicin was given in combination with ciprofloxacin both in low and high doses. although the mechanisms by which ciprofloxacin enhances the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin are unknown, it is proposed that ciprofloxacin induced allergic interstitial nephritis, enhances the nephrotoxicity and it was indicated by increased amount of interstitial inflammatory infiltrate in the renal proximal tubules of the animals treated with ciprofloxacin-gentamicin combination
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Aminoglycosides/toxicity , Kidney/drug effects , Rabbits , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Gentamicins/toxicity , Kidney/pathologyABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to determine frequency of fatty liver, hepatitis C and hepatitis B in type 2 diabetes with raised ALT in our population. This was a descriptive study. Study has been carried out at medical out patient clinic in CMH Malir, over a span of one year [2005-2006]. We studied patients of type 2 diabetes who had persistently raised serum ALT [alanine aminotransferases] for more than eight weeks. In medical out-patient clinic, 101 patients of type 2 diabetes with raised serum ALT were studied.Age, sex, BMI [body mass index] and duration of diabetes were recorded and blood was tested for plasma fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, anti HCV antibodies and HBsAg. Ultrasonography of upper abdomen was done in all patients to look for liver size, fatty liver or any evidence of chronic liver disease. Results showed positive association of raised ALT in type 2 diabetic patients with high body mass index, recent onset diabetes, fatty liver, raised triglycerides and poorly controlled diabetes. About 22% of the studied patients were positive for hepatitis C. Mild to moderate elevation in serum ALT is commonly encountered in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most of these individuals are overweight and/or have fatty liver on ultrasonography